Excellent article. Just one additional observation regarding the danger of vengeance. As you note, the rise of Nazism and subsequently WWII was mostly driven by the humiliation of Germany after WWI. The draconian Treaty of Versailles that robbed Germany of everything after the war played a central role in this.

The outcome after WWII whereby the Allied, instead of punishing and humiliating the losers en masse, helped rebuild (West) Germany with the Marshall Plan and supported Japan's transformation. As a consequence, both Germany and Japan became bastions of peaceful democratic rule and very prosperous nations.

In South Africa when Apartheid fell, the wisdom of Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu was to opt for 'truth and reconciliation' instead of revenge on the white minority that had oppressed the masses for such a long time. Again, this moderation saved the nation (the fact that things are not perfect in South Africa today is a wholly different story).

Victor's justice never leads to anything good. This is something we must always bear in mind, even if it is very hard, not least in today's USA where the dividing lines are so deep and hate of those on the other side so strong.